:root {
  --bg: #ffffff;
  --surface: #ffffff;
  --surface-2: #f6f8fb;
  --text: #16202d;
  --muted: #5a6d83;
  --accent: #0f4c81;
  --accent-2: #0a395f;
  --line: #e3eaf1;
  --radius: 22px;
  --shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(22, 32, 45, 0.04);
  --border-color: var(--line);
  --muted-text: var(--muted);
  --heading-color: var(--text);
  --accent-color: var(--accent);
}
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
body {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: "Segoe UI", "PingFang SC", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif;
  color: var(--text);
  background: var(--bg);
  line-height: 1.76;
}
a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: none; }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-2); }
img { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
.container { width: min(1140px, calc(100% - 32px)); margin: 0 auto; }
.topbar {
  position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 50;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.94); backdrop-filter: blur(14px);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.topbar-inner {
  min-height: 78px;
  display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 20px;
}
.brand { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 14px; color: var(--text); }
.brand img { width: 48px; height: 48px; border-radius: 12px; object-fit: cover; }
.brand-title { font-size: 1.08rem; font-weight: 800; white-space: nowrap; }
.brand-sub { color: var(--muted); font-size: .9rem; white-space: nowrap; }
.topbar-actions { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; flex-shrink: 0; }
.nav ul { list-style: none; display: flex; margin: 0; padding: 0; gap: 6px; flex-wrap: nowrap; }
.nav a {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  padding: 10px 14px; border-radius: 12px;
  color: var(--text); font-weight: 700; font-size: .95rem; white-space: nowrap;
}
.nav a.active, .nav a:hover { background: var(--surface-2); color: var(--accent); }
.nav-toggle {
  display: none; width: 42px; height: 42px; border-radius: 12px; border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--surface); color: var(--text); cursor: pointer;
}
.lang-switch { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; }
.lang-switch a {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  min-width: 42px; padding: 8px 12px; border-radius: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--surface); color: var(--text); font-weight: 800; font-size: .88rem;
}
.lang-switch a.active { background: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); color: #fff; }
.hero, .page-hero { padding: 34px 0 18px; }
.hero-grid {
  display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.08fr) minmax(320px, .92fr);
  gap: 28px; align-items: start;
}
.eyebrow {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; padding: 7px 14px; border-radius: 999px;
  background: #edf4fb; color: var(--accent); font-weight: 800; font-size: .9rem;
}
.hero-card, .panel, .callout, .news-card, .media-entry, .faculty-row, .people-block, .contact-card, .join-card {
  background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.hero-card, .panel, .callout, .people-block, .contact-card, .join-card { padding: 28px; }
.hero h1, .page-hero h1 {
  margin: 14px 0 12px; line-height: 1.06; font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 4vw, 3.65rem);
  color: #23395c;
}
.page-hero h1 { font-size: clamp(1.95rem, 3.4vw, 3rem); }
.subtitle { font-size: 1.14rem; color: var(--muted); margin-bottom: 16px; }
.hero p, .page-hero p, .panel p, .callout p, .news-card p, .faculty-row p, .media-body p, .contact-card p, .join-card p { margin: 0 0 14px; }
.hero-side {
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
  max-height: 820px;
  overflow: hidden;
}
.hero-figure {
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 28px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  background: var(--surface);
  max-height: 320px;
}
.hero-figure img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.hero-facts {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
  gap: 12px;
}
.fact {
  padding: 14px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: var(--surface);
}
.fact strong { display: block; font-size: 1.4rem; margin-bottom: 6px; }
.fact span { color: var(--muted); font-size: .94rem; }
.link-row, .chip-row, .paper-links { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px; }
.link-row { margin-top: 22px; }
.btn {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  padding: 11px 16px; border-radius: 12px; border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--surface); color: var(--text); font-weight: 700;
}
.btn.primary { background: var(--accent); border-color: var(--accent); color: #fff; }
.btn.primary:hover { background: var(--accent-2); color: #fff; }
.chip {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; padding: 8px 12px; border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--surface-2); color: var(--accent); font-size: .9rem; font-weight: 700;
}
.page-main { padding-top: 12px; }
main section { padding: 10px 0 16px; }
.section-head {
  display: flex; align-items: flex-end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 14px;
}
.section-head h2 { margin: 0; font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 2.8vw, 2.35rem); }
.section-head p { margin: 8px 0 0; color: var(--muted); max-width: none; }
.section-head-full > div { width: 100%; }
.section-head-full p { max-width: none; }
.mini-kicker {
  color: var(--accent); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .06em;
  font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 800; margin-bottom: 8px;
}
.grid-2 { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 16px; }
.stack { display: grid; gap: 16px; }
.news-card { padding: 24px 26px; }
.news-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.news-list li { padding: 13px 0; border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--line); }
.news-list li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
.news-date { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 800; margin-right: 10px; }
.media-list, .faculty-list { display: grid; gap: 18px; }
.media-entry, .faculty-row {
  display: grid; gap: 26px; align-items: stretch;
  padding: 26px 28px;
}
.media-entry { grid-template-columns: 200px minmax(0, 1fr); }
.faculty-row { grid-template-columns: 160px minmax(0, 1fr); }
.media-thumb {
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
  height: 100%;
}
.faculty-thumb a {
  display: block;
  height: 100%;
}
.media-thumb img, .faculty-thumb img {
  width: 100%; height: 100%; border-radius: 18px; border: 1px solid var(--line); object-fit: cover;
}
.media-thumb img { aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; }
.media-thumb .image-stack img { aspect-ratio: auto; object-fit: cover; }
.image-stack { display: grid; gap: 10px; }
.faculty-thumb img { aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; }

/* Keep research-page images fully visible without crop/stretch. */
.research-list .media-entry {
  grid-template-columns: minmax(300px, 36%) minmax(0, 1fr);
}
.research-list .media-thumb {
  height: auto;
  max-width: none;
}
.research-list .media-thumb img {
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: auto;
  object-fit: contain;
  background: #fff;
}
.media-body h3, .faculty-body h3, .people-block h3, .contact-card h3, .join-card h3 {
  margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 1.22rem; line-height: 1.35;
}
.faculty-body h3 a {
  color: inherit;
}
.faculty-body h3 a:hover {
  color: var(--accent);
}
.meta, .muted { color: var(--muted); }
.paper-links a, .inline-links a { font-weight: 700; }
.list-clean { margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; }
.list-clean li + li { margin-top: 8px; }
.callout {
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(15,76,129,0.05), rgba(15,76,129,0.015));
}
.people-columns { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 18px; align-items: start; }
.people-columns .people-block:first-child { order: 2; }
.people-columns .people-block:last-child { order: 1; }
.name-list { columns: 2; column-gap: 22px; padding-left: 20px; margin: 0; }
.name-list li { break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 8px; }
.people-block ul + h3 { margin-top: 18px; }
.year-line-list { columns: 1; }
.year-line-list strong { color: #0f4c81; }
.achievement-group { display: grid; gap: 16px; }
.contact-grid, .join-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; }
.footer {
  padding: 40px 0 52px; margin-top: 18px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}
.footer-inner {
  display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: flex-start; gap: 18px;
  color: var(--muted); font-size: .95rem;
}

html[lang="en"] .topbar-inner { gap: 16px; }
html[lang="en"] .brand { flex: 1 1 auto; min-width: 0; }
html[lang="en"] .brand-title { font-size: 0.92rem; }
html[lang="en"] .brand-sub { font-size: 0.82rem; }
html[lang="en"] .topbar-actions { margin-left: auto; gap: 10px; }
html[lang="en"] .nav a { padding: 10px 10px; font-size: .88rem; }

@media (max-width: 1180px) {
  html[lang="en"] .topbar-inner { align-items: flex-start; flex-wrap: wrap; padding: 10px 0; }
  html[lang="en"] .topbar-actions { width: 100%; justify-content: flex-end; }
}


@media (min-width: 981px) {
  .hero-grid > .hero-card { order: 2; }
  .hero-grid > .hero-side { order: 1; }
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .hero-grid, .grid-2, .people-columns, .contact-grid, .join-grid, .media-entry, .faculty-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .topbar-inner { flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .media-thumb, .faculty-thumb { max-width: 320px; }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .container { width: min(100% - 24px, 1140px); }
  .nav-toggle { display: inline-flex; }
  .nav { position: absolute; right: 12px; top: 72px; width: min(280px, calc(100% - 24px)); display: none; }
  .nav.open { display: block; }
  .nav ul {
    flex-direction: column; align-items: stretch; gap: 0; padding: 10px;
    background: var(--surface); border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 16px; box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  }
  .nav a { display: block; }
  .brand-sub { display: none; }
  .hero-card, .panel, .callout, .people-block, .contact-card, .join-card, .media-entry, .faculty-row { padding: 22px; }
  .hero-facts { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .name-list { columns: 1; }
  .footer-inner { flex-direction: column; }
}


/* Breadcrumb Tree Styles */
.breadcrumb-tree {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
  padding: 16px;
  background: var(--surface-2);
  border-radius: 12px;
  border-left: 4px solid var(--accent);
  font-size: 0.98rem;
}

.tree-node {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

/* Level 1 (Root) */
.breadcrumb-tree > .tree-node > a {
  display: block;
  padding: 6px 0;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 600;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.breadcrumb-tree > .tree-node > a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-2);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Level 2+ (Nested) */
.tree-node .tree-node {
  margin-top: 6px;
  padding-left: 24px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  position: relative;
}

.tree-node .tree-node::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: -1px;
  top: -2px;
  width: 10px;
  height: 22px;
  border-left: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line);
}

/* Nested links (Level 2+) */
.tree-node .tree-node > a {
  display: block;
  padding: 4px 0;
  color: var(--accent);
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: 500;
}

.tree-node .tree-node > a:hover {
  color: var(--accent-2);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Text labels in tree */
.tree-label {
  display: block;
  padding: 4px 0;
  color: var(--text);
  font-weight: 500;
}


/* Tree icons */
.breadcrumb-tree a,
.tree-label {
  position: relative;
  padding-left: 26px !important;
}
.breadcrumb-tree a::before,
.tree-label::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 50%;
  width: 16px;
  height: 16px;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center;
  background-size: 16px 16px;
  opacity: .92;
}
.school-link::before {
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='%23284f88' stroke-width='1.8' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpath d='M3 21h18'/%3E%3Cpath d='M4 10h16'/%3E%3Cpath d='M12 3 3 7l9 4 9-4-9-4Z'/%3E%3Cpath d='M5 10v8'/%3E%3Cpath d='M9 10v8'/%3E%3Cpath d='M15 10v8'/%3E%3Cpath d='M19 10v8'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}
.lab-link::before {
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='%23284f88' stroke-width='1.8' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpath d='M10 2v6l-5.5 9.5A2 2 0 0 0 6.2 21h11.6a2 2 0 0 0 1.7-3.5L14 8V2'/%3E%3Cpath d='M8 8h8'/%3E%3Cpath d='M7.5 14h9'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}
.institute-label::before {
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='%23284f88' stroke-width='1.8' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Crect x='4' y='4' width='16' height='16' rx='2'/%3E%3Cpath d='M8 8h2v2H8zM14 8h2v2h-2zM8 14h2v2H8zM14 14h2v2h-2z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}
.group-link::before {
  background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='%23284f88' stroke-width='1.8' stroke-linecap='round' stroke-linejoin='round'%3E%3Cpath d='M16 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H7a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2'/%3E%3Ccircle cx='9.5' cy='7' r='3.5'/%3E%3Cpath d='M21 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87'/%3E%3Cpath d='M15 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");
}


/* Faculty profile pages */
.profile-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 320px minmax(0, 1fr); gap: 18px; align-items: start; }
.profile-side .faculty-thumb img { aspect-ratio: 4 / 5; }
.profile-meta { display: grid; gap: 4px; margin: 12px 0 16px; }
.meta-line { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); }
.profile-main-intro p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.profile-main-intro .section-divider {
  position: relative;
  height: 1px;
  margin: 26px 0;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(15,76,129,0.24), transparent);
}
.profile-main-intro .section-divider::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translate(0, -50%);
  width: 12px;
  height: 12px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  background: var(--accent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 6px rgba(15,76,129,0.08);
}
.compact-list .faculty-row { grid-template-columns: 180px minmax(0, 1fr); }
@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .profile-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .compact-list .faculty-row { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}


/* Faculty profile internal navigation and long-form sections */
.faculty-subnav-wrap { padding-top: 0; }
.faculty-subnav {
  position: sticky; top: 82px; z-index: 20;
  display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 10px;
  padding: 14px 16px; border-radius: 18px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.94); border: 1px solid var(--line); box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}
.faculty-subnav a {
  display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center;
  padding: 9px 14px; border-radius: 999px; border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: var(--surface-2); color: var(--accent); font-weight: 700; font-size: .92rem;
  white-space: nowrap;
}
.faculty-subnav a:hover { background: #eaf1f8; }
.profile-layout { display: grid; gap: 18px; }
.quick-facts { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2,1fr); gap: 12px; margin-top: 16px; }
.quick-fact { padding: 14px 16px; border-radius: 16px; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--surface-2); }
.quick-fact strong { display: block; font-size: .8rem; color: var(--accent); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: .04em; margin-bottom: 4px; }
.quick-fact span { color: var(--text); font-weight: 600; }
.section-card-grid { display: grid; gap: 16px; }
.text-columns { columns: 2; column-gap: 22px; }
.text-columns li { break-inside: avoid; margin-bottom: 8px; }
.info-pair { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 160px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 12px; padding: 10px 0; border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--line); }
.info-pair:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
.info-pair strong { color: var(--accent); }
.section-list { margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; }
.section-list li + li { margin-top: 8px; }
.pub-item { padding: 14px 0; border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--line); }
.pub-item:last-child { border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
.pub-item strong { display: block; line-height: 1.5; }
.pub-meta { color: var(--muted); font-size: .95rem; margin-top: 4px; }
.placeholder-note { color: var(--muted); font-style: italic; }
@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .faculty-subnav { top: 72px; }
  .quick-facts, .info-pair { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .text-columns { columns: 1; }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .faculty-subnav { position: static; padding: 12px; }
}


/* Faculty profile tabs */
.faculty-subnav-wrap {
  position: sticky;
  top: 78px;
  z-index: 20;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  padding-top: 8px;
}
.faculty-subnav {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  gap: 10px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding: 4px 0 10px;
  scrollbar-width: thin;
}
.faculty-subnav a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 10px 16px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 12px;
  background: var(--surface);
  color: var(--text);
  font-weight: 700;
  white-space: nowrap;
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}
.faculty-subnav a.active,
.faculty-subnav a:hover {
  background: var(--accent);
  border-color: var(--accent);
  color: #fff;
}
body.tabs-ready .page-main section[id] {
  display: none;
}
body.tabs-ready .page-main section[id].tab-active {
  display: block;
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .faculty-subnav-wrap {
    top: 72px;
  }
  .faculty-subnav {
    padding-bottom: 6px;
  }
}


/* ===== Faculty profile tabs refresh ===== */
.faculty-subnav-wrap {
  position: sticky;
  top: 78px;
  z-index: 20;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.94);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  padding-top: 6px;
}
.faculty-subnav-wrap .container {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-start;
}
.faculty-subnav {
  width: fit-content;
  max-width: 100%;
  display: inline-flex;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  gap: 8px;
  overflow-x: auto;
  padding: 8px;
  border-radius: 18px;
  border: 1px solid #d8e3ee;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f8fbff 0%, #eef4fa 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 22px rgba(15, 76, 129, 0.06);
}
.faculty-subnav a {
  padding: 10px 18px;
  border-radius: 13px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.78);
  color: var(--text);
  font-weight: 700;
  box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(227,234,241,.9);
}
.faculty-subnav a.active,
.faculty-subnav a:hover {
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #1c4f85 0%, #123f6d 100%);
  color: #fff;
  border-color: #123f6d;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(15,76,129,.16);
}
.profile-news-panel { margin-top: 16px; }
.news-mini-list { list-style: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; }
.news-mini-list li { position: relative; padding: 10px 0 10px 18px; border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--line); }
.news-mini-list li:last-child { border-bottom: 0; padding-bottom: 0; }
.news-mini-list li::before { content: ''; width: 7px; height: 7px; border-radius: 999px; background: var(--accent); position: absolute; left: 0; top: 19px; }
.subsection-title { margin: 0 0 14px; font-size: 1.16rem; line-height: 1.45; }
.faculty-output-list { gap: 14px; }
.compact-output { grid-template-columns: 220px minmax(0,1fr); gap: 20px; padding: 20px 22px; }
.uniform-media-width, .video-split-output, .infrared-output { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 25%) minmax(0, 75%); }
.infrared-output .media-thumb,
.video-split-output .media-thumb {
  min-width: auto;
}
.video-split-output .media-thumb video {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  object-fit: contain;
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: #000;
}
.uniform-media-width .media-thumb img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  object-fit: contain;
  border-radius: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}
.infrared-output .media-thumb img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  max-height: 500px;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  object-fit: scale-down;
  border-radius: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}
.infrared-output .infrared-upper {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  gap: 12px;
  align-items: stretch;
  grid-auto-rows: minmax(0, 1fr);
}
.infrared-output .infrared-upper > div {
  display: flex;
  align-items: stretch;
}
.infrared-output .infrared-upper video,
.infrared-output .infrared-upper img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  max-height: 150px;
  object-fit: contain;
  border-radius: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  background: #fff;
}
.infrared-output .infrared-description {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 14px;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.infrared-output .infrared-description p {
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.infrared-output .infrared-description .info-pair {
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 0;
  border-bottom: none;
}
.infrared-output .infrared-description .section-list li + li {
  margin-top: 6px;
}
.compact-output .media-thumb img { aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; }
.fullpub-panel { margin-top: 16px; }
.citation-section + .citation-section { margin-top: 14px; }
.citation-heading { margin: 0 0 8px; font-size: 1rem; color: var(--accent); }
.citation-list { margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; }
.citation-list li { margin: 0 0 6px; line-height: 1.65; }
.citation-list li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .compact-output { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .faculty-subnav-wrap { top: 72px; }
  .faculty-subnav-wrap .container { display: block; }
  .faculty-subnav { width: 100%; }
  .faculty-subnav a { padding: 10px 14px; }
}

/* IEEE-style publication lists */
.ieee-ref-list { margin: 0; padding-left: 26px; }
.ieee-ref-list li { margin: 0 0 6px; line-height: 1.75; }
.ieee-ref-list li:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
.ieee-ref-list strong { font-weight: 800; }
.ieee-ref-list em, .pub-meta em { font-style: italic; }
.fullpub-panel .muted { margin-top: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.98rem; }
.pub-meta { line-height: 1.7; }


.selected-pub-cards {
  display: grid;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  margin-top: 1.25rem;
}

.selected-pub-card {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 280px 1fr;
  gap: 1.5rem;
  align-items: start;
  padding-bottom: 1.5rem;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.selected-pub-card:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.selected-pub-thumb {
  width: 100%;
}

.selected-pub-thumb img {
  width: 100%;
  aspect-ratio: 4 / 3;
  object-fit: cover;
  border-radius: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
  display: block;
  background: #fff;
}

.selected-pub-title {
  margin: 0 0 0.45rem;
  font-size: 1.45rem;
  line-height: 1.3;
}

.selected-pub-authors,
.selected-pub-venue {
  color: var(--muted-text);
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.selected-pub-authors strong,
.selected-pub-venue strong {
  color: var(--heading-color);
}

.selected-pub-venue {
  margin-top: 0.2rem;
}

.selected-pub-desc {
  margin: 0.75rem 0 0;
  line-height: 1.8;
}

.selected-pub-links {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 0.75rem;
  margin-top: 0.85rem;
}

.selected-pub-links a {
  color: var(--accent-color);
  font-weight: 600;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
  .selected-pub-card {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .selected-pub-thumb img {
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
  }
}


/* v12 faculty refinements */
.news-heading-inline{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;}
.news-icon{width:24px;height:24px;object-fit:contain;display:inline-block;animation:newsPulse 1.9s ease-in-out infinite;transform-origin:center;}
.news-icon.small{width:20px;height:20px;}
@keyframes newsPulse{0%,100%{transform:scale(1);}50%{transform:scale(1.08);}}
.news-kicker{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;font-size:1rem;font-weight:800;color:var(--accent);margin-bottom:10px;}
.news-kicker .news-icon{width:22px;height:22px;}
.openings-title{font-size:1.14rem;font-weight:800;color:var(--accent);margin:0 0 14px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;}
.opening-bullet{display:grid;gap:10px;}
.opening-bullet p{margin:0;}
.course-block{padding:14px 0;border-bottom:1px dashed var(--line);}
.course-block:last-child{border-bottom:0;padding-bottom:0;}
.course-title{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:1.18rem;color:var(--accent-2);}
.course-meta{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:10px;margin-bottom:12px;}
.course-meta .fact-mini{padding:10px 12px;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:14px;background:var(--surface-2);}
.course-meta .label{display:block;font-size:.78rem;color:var(--accent);font-weight:800;margin-bottom:2px;letter-spacing:.03em;text-transform:uppercase;}
.course-resources{margin-top:10px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px 16px;align-items:center;}
.course-resources a{font-weight:700;}
.research-env-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:14px;margin-top:16px;}
.research-env-item img{width:100%;aspect-ratio:4/3;object-fit:cover;border-radius:16px;border:1px solid var(--line);background:#fff;}
.research-env-item span{display:block;margin-top:6px;color:var(--muted);font-size:.92rem;text-align:center;}
@media (max-width:980px){.course-meta{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;}.research-env-grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);}}
@media (max-width:760px){.course-meta{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.research-env-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}


/* v13 news, teaching, and outputs refinements */
.news-list li,
.news-mini-list li { display:flex; align-items:flex-start; gap:12px; }
.news-list li .news-date { margin-right: 0; flex: 0 0 auto; }
.news-mini-list li { padding-left:0; }
.news-mini-list li::before { display:none; }
.news-item-icon { width:30px; height:30px; object-fit:contain; display:inline-block; flex:0 0 30px; animation:newsPulse 1.9s ease-in-out infinite; transform-origin:center; margin-top:2px; }
.news-icon { width:30px; height:30px; object-fit:contain; display:inline-block; animation:newsPulse 1.9s ease-in-out infinite; transform-origin:center; }
.news-icon.small { width:28px; height:28px; }
.openings-title .news-icon.small { width:30px; height:30px; }
.news-kicker { display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:8px; font-size:1.02rem; font-weight:800; color:var(--accent); margin-bottom:10px; }
.course-info-line { margin: 0 0 8px; }
.course-info-line strong { color: var(--accent); }
.course-block .course-title + .course-info-line { margin-top: 4px; }
.course-block p + .course-resources { margin-top: 12px; }


/* v14 incremental updates */
.course-inline-meta{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.3fr 1fr .8fr;gap:24px;margin:10px 0 12px;align-items:baseline;}
.course-inline-item{display:block;color:var(--text);font-size:1rem;}
.course-inline-item strong{color:var(--accent);font-weight:800;}
.proj-years{display:inline-block;min-width:88px;font-weight:800;color:var(--accent);}
.openings-title.emphasized{font-size:1.28rem;font-weight:900;color:var(--accent-2);margin-bottom:14px;}
.opening-bullet p{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;}
.opening-bullet .news-item-icon{margin-top:2px;}
@media (max-width:860px){.course-inline-meta{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px;}}


.teaching-support-block{margin-top:28px;padding-top:20px;border-top:1px solid rgba(15,23,42,.08)}
.teaching-support-title{margin:0 0 12px;font-size:1.1rem;font-weight:700;color:#0f172a}
.teaching-support-intro{margin:0 0 16px;color:#475569;line-height:1.75}
.resource-card{padding:18px 20px;border:1px solid rgba(15,23,42,.08);border-radius:16px;background:#fff}
.resource-card + .resource-card{margin-top:14px}
.resource-card h4{margin:0 0 10px;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;color:#0f172a}
.resource-card p{margin:0 0 12px;color:#334155;line-height:1.8}
.support-list{margin:10px 0 0 1.1rem;padding:0;color:#334155;line-height:1.75}
.support-list li+li{margin-top:4px}



/* homepage banner refresh */
.hero-banner-section { padding: 30px 0 12px; }
.hero-intro-section { padding: 4px 0 2px; }
.cvia-intro-card {
  padding: 18px 22px;
  border-radius: 16px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(198, 213, 227, 0.9);
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(249, 252, 255, 0.98) 0%, rgba(244, 249, 254, 0.95) 100%);
  box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(9, 28, 48, 0.06);
}
.cvia-intro-card p {
  margin: 0;
  color: #1e3550;
  line-height: 1.92;
  font-size: 1rem;
}
.cvia-intro-card p + p { margin-top: 10px; }
.hero-banner {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  border-radius: 30px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(15,76,129,0.12);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(9, 28, 48, 0.08);
  min-height: 336px;
  background: #0b1d30;
}
.hero-banner-bg {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: cover;
}
.hero-banner-mask {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(8,20,35,0.78) 0%, rgba(9,27,45,0.62) 36%, rgba(10,28,47,0.56) 62%, rgba(8,20,35,0.72) 100%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,0.03) 0%, rgba(255,255,255,0.08) 100%);
}
.hero-banner-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.12fr) minmax(320px, 0.88fr);
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: stretch;
  padding: 34px;
  min-height: 336px;
}
.hero-banner-left {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 18px;
  justify-content: space-between;
  padding-top: 64px;
}
.hero-banner-eyebrow {
  position: absolute;
  top: 34px;
  left: 34px;
  right: auto;
  width: fit-content;
  max-width: calc(100% - 68px);
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.14);
  color: #f3f7fc;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.16);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}
.hero-logo-card {
  width: min(440px, 100%);
  padding: 20px 24px 14px;
  border-radius: 0;
  background: transparent;
  border: 0;
  box-shadow: none;
}
.hero-logo-card img {
  width: 100%;
  max-height: 210px;
  object-fit: contain;
}
.hero-banner-text h1 {
  margin: 0 0 12px;
  font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 5vw, 4.5rem);
  line-height: 0.95;
  color: #ffffff;
}
.hero-banner-subtitle {
  font-size: clamp(1.1rem, 2vw, 1.55rem);
  font-weight: 700;
  color: rgba(245, 249, 255, 0.95);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
}
.hero-banner-lead {
  margin: 0;
  max-width: 820px;
  color: rgba(239, 245, 251, 0.92);
  font-size: 1.02rem;
  line-height: 1.8;
}
.hero-feature-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 12px;
  max-width: 620px;
}
.hero-feature-pill {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 54px;
  padding: 12px 16px;
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,0.12);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.16);
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  text-align: center;
  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
}
.hero-banner-right {
  display: flex;
  align-items: flex-end;
  justify-content: flex-end;
}
.hero-banner-facts {
  width: min(408px, 100%);
  margin-left: auto;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 10px;
}
.banner-fact {
  padding: 12px 13px;
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: rgba(250, 253, 255, 0.7);
  border: 1px solid rgba(222, 233, 243, 0.52);
  box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(8, 20, 35, 0.08);
  backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
}
.banner-fact strong {
  display: block;
  margin: 0 0 5px;
  color: #16314d;
  line-height: 1.2;
}
.banner-fact span {
  display: block;
  color: #4b6582;
  line-height: 1.45;
}
.banner-fact-stat strong {
  font-size: clamp(1.46rem, 2.4vw, 1.7rem);
  font-weight: 800;
}
.banner-fact-stat span {
  font-size: 0.9rem;
  font-weight: 500;
}
.banner-fact-topic strong {
  font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 2vw, 1.4rem);
  font-weight: 700;
}
.banner-fact-topic span {
  font-size: 0.88rem;
}
.hero-org-panel {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 24px 24px 20px;
  border-radius: 28px;
  background: rgba(248, 251, 255, 0.9);
  border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.24);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 28px rgba(8, 20, 35, 0.12);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}
.hero-org-title {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
  color: var(--accent);
  font-weight: 800;
  font-size: 0.96rem;
  letter-spacing: .06em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}
.hero-tree {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  padding: 0;
  background: transparent;
  border-left: 0;
}
.hero-tree > .tree-node > a { font-size: 1.06rem; }
.hero-org-copy {
  margin: 0;
  color: #2a4563;
  line-height: 1.86;
}
.hero-summary-card {
  margin-top: 18px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #f8fbff 0%, #ffffff 100%);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 24px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
  padding: 24px 28px;
}
.hero-summary-card p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; }
@media (max-width: 1100px) {
  .hero-banner { min-height: 312px; }
  .hero-banner-content {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    min-height: unset;
    gap: 20px;
  }
  .hero-banner-right {
    align-items: stretch;
    justify-content: flex-start;
  }
  .hero-banner-facts {
    width: min(760px, 100%);
    margin-left: 0;
  }
  .hero-org-panel { max-width: 720px; }
}
@media (max-width: 760px) {
  .hero-banner-section { padding-top: 22px; }
  .hero-intro-section { padding-top: 2px; }
  .cvia-intro-card {
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border-radius: 12px;
  }
  .cvia-intro-card p {
    font-size: 0.94rem;
    line-height: 1.82;
  }
  .cvia-intro-card p + p { margin-top: 8px; }
  .hero-banner { min-height: unset; border-radius: 24px; }
  .hero-banner-content { padding: 22px; }
  .hero-banner-left { padding-top: 56px; }
  .hero-banner-eyebrow {
    top: 22px;
    left: 22px;
    right: auto;
    max-width: calc(100% - 44px);
  }
  .hero-banner-facts { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .banner-fact {
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 12px 13px;
  }
  .banner-fact-stat strong,
  .banner-fact-topic strong { font-size: clamp(1.2rem, 4.6vw, 1.5rem); }
  .banner-fact span { font-size: 0.86rem; }
  .hero-logo-card { padding: 16px 18px 12px; border-radius: 22px; }
  .hero-logo-card img { max-height: 140px; }
  .hero-banner-subtitle { font-size: 1rem; }
  .hero-feature-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .hero-feature-pill { min-height: 46px; border-radius: 15px; }
  .hero-org-panel, .hero-summary-card { border-radius: 20px; padding: 20px; }
}


.footer .inst-link, .hero-banner-eyebrow .inst-link, .hero-banner-eyebrow .hero-group-link, .breadcrumb-tree .inst-link {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: none;
}
.footer .inst-link:hover, .hero-banner-eyebrow .inst-link:hover, .hero-banner-eyebrow .hero-group-link:hover, .breadcrumb-tree .inst-link:hover {
  text-decoration: underline;
}
.hero-banner-eyebrow { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0; }